10.22 Spatial Orientation

10.22.2 Define spatial orientation.

Spatial orientation is knowing:

• which way is up;
• whether you are upright or tilted; and
• whether you are moving, turning or accelerating.

The main sensory systems that help us maintain balance and orientation are:

• the visual system;
• the vestibular system in the inner ear; and
• the proprioceptive system — sometimes called the “seat of the pants”.

The vestibular system includes:

• the semi-circular canals; and
• the vestibular sacs.

Key point

Spatial orientation is our ability to determine our position and movement in space.

10.22.4 Define disorientation.

Disorientation is a state of confusion or loss of spatial orientation where the pilot incorrectly perceives the aircraft's:

• attitude;
• position;
• movement; or
• direction.

The flying environment has a high potential for conflicting orientation information reaching the brain.

Changes in:

• aircraft attitude;
• outside visibility;
• acceleration;
• G forces; and
• speed

can place considerable demands on the body's orientation systems.